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Federative Republic of Brazil
National name: República Federativa do Brasil
President: Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995)
Area: 3,286,470 sq. mi. (8,511,965 sq. km)
Population (1999 est.): 171,853,126 (average annual rate of natural increase: 1.16%); birth rate: 20.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 35.4/1000; density per sq. mi.: 52
Capital (1997 est.): Brasilia, 1,800,000
Largest cities: São Paulo: city proper (1995 est.) 10,017,821; metro. area (1996 est.) 16,792,000; Rio de Janeiro: city proper (1995 est.) 5,606,497; metro area (1996 est.) 10,264,000; Porto Alegre, 3,000,000; Recife, 2,900,999; Salvador, 2,600,000; Belo Horizonte, 2,600,000
Monetary unit: Real
Language: Portuguese
Ethnicity/race: white (includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish) 55%, mixed white and African 38%, African 6%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 1%
Religion: Roman Catholic, 90% (nominal)
Literacy rate: 81%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (1998 est.): $1.0352 trillion; $6,100 per capita. Real growth rate: 0.5%. Inflation: 2%. Unemployment: 8.5%. Arable land: 5%. Agriculture: coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef. Labor force: (1989 est.), 57 million; services, 42%; agriculture, 31%; industry, 27%. Industry: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment. Natural resources: bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber. Exports: $51 billion (f.o.b., 1998): iron ore, soybean bran, orange juice, footwear, coffee, motor vehicle parts. Imports: $57.6 billion (f.o.b., 1998): crude oil, capital goods, chemical products, foodstuffs, coal. Major trading partners: EU, Latin America, U.S., Argentina, Japan.
