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Republic of India
National name: Bharat
President: K. R. Narayanan (1997)
Prime Minister: Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1998)
Area: 1,229,737 sq. mi. (3,287,590 sq. km)
Population (1999 est.): 1,000,848,550 (average annual rate of natural increase: 1.69%); birth rate: 25.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 60.8/1000; density per sq. mi.: 814
Capital (1991): New Delhi, 294,149
Largest cities: Bombay (Mumbai): city proper (1991 census) 9,925,891; metro. area (1996 est.) 15,725,000; Delhi: city proper (1991 census) 7,206,704; metro. area (1996 est.) 10,298,000; Calcutta: city proper (1991 census) 4,339,819; metro. area (1996 est.) 12,118,000; Madras (Chennai), 3,841,396; Hyderabad, 2,964,638; Ahmedabad, 2,876,710; Bangalore, 2,660,088; Kanpur, 1,874,409
Monetary unit: Rupee
Principal languages: Hindi (official), English (official), Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi (all recognized by the constitution). Dialects, 1,652
Ethnicity/race: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3%
Religions: Hindu, 82.6%; Islam, 11.3%; Christian, 2.4%; Sikh, 2%; Buddhists, 0.71%; Jains, 0.48%
Literacy rate: 52%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (1998 est.): $1.689 trillion; $1,720 per capita. Real growth rate: 5.4%. Inflation: 14%. Unemployment: n.a. Arable land: 56%. Agriculture: rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry; fish. Labor force: n.a.; agriculture 67%, services 18%, industry 15% (1995 est.). Industry: textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery. Natural resources: coal, iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone. Exports: $32.17 billion (f.o.b., 1998): textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures. Imports: $41.34 billion (c.i.f., 1998): crude oil and petroleum products, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals. Major trading partners: U.S., Hong Kong, U.K., Japan, Germany, Belgium, Saudi Arabia.
Member of Commonwealth of Nations
