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Republic of Nicaragua
National name: República de Nicaragua
President: Arnoldo Alemán (1997)
Area: 50,180 sq. mi. (129,494 sq. km)
Population (1999 est.): 4,717,132 (average annual rate of natural increase: 2.94%); birth rate: 35.0/1000; infant mortality rate: 40.5/1000; density per sq. mi.: 94
Capital and largest city (1992 est.): Managua, 974,000
Monetary unit: Cordoba
Language: Spanish
Ethnicity/race: mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, white 17%, black 9%, Indian 5%
Religions: Roman Catholic, 95%; Protestant, 5%
Literacy rate: 57%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (1998 est.): $11.6 billion; $2,500 per capita. Real growth rate: 4%. Inflation: 16%. Unemployment: 16%; underemployment, 36% (1997 est.). Arable land: 9%. Agriculture: coffee, bananas, sugarcane, cotton, rice, corn, cassava (tapioca), citrus, beans; beef, veal, pork, poultry, dairy products. Labor force: 1.5 million; services, 54%; agriculture, 31%; industry, 15% (1995 est.). Industries: food processing, chemicals, metal products, textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear. Natural resources: gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish. Exports: $704 million (f.o.b., 1997): coffee, seafood, meat, sugar, gold, bananas. Imports: $1.45 billion (c.i.f., 1997): consumer goods, machinery and equipment, petroleum products. Major trading partners: U.S., Central America, Germany, Canada, Venezuela, Japan.