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Republic of Romania
President: Emil Constantinescu (1996)
Prime Minister: Mugur Isarescu (1999)
Area: 91,700 sq. mi. (237,500 sq. km)
Population (1999 est.): 22,334,312 (average annual rate of natural increase: –0.15%); birth rate: 10.1/1000; infant mortality rate: 18.1/1000; density per sq. mi.: 244
Capital and largest city (1992): Bucharest, 2,351,000
Largest cities (1992): Constanta, 350,476; Iasi, 342,994; Timisoara, 334,278; Cluj-Napoca, 328,008; Galati, 325,788; Brasov, 323,835
Monetary unit: Leu
Languages: Romanian (official); Hungarian- and German-speaking minorities
Ethnicity/race: Romanian 89.1%, Hungarian 8.9%, German 0.4%, Ukrainian, Serb, Croat, Russian, Turk, and Gypsy 1.6%
Religions: Romanian Orthodox 70%, Roman Catholic 6% (of which 3% are Uniate), Protestant 6%, unaffiliated 18%
Literacy rate: 96%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (1998 est.): $90.6 billion; $4,050 per capita. Real growth rate: –7.3%. Inflation: 41%. Unemployment: 9%. Arable land: 41%. Agriculture: wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; milk, eggs, beef. Labor force: 10.1 million (1996 est.). Industries: mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, machine building, food processing, petroleum production and refining. Natural resources: petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt. Exports: $8.2 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.): textiles and footwear, metals and metal products, machinery and equipment, chemicals. Imports: $10.8 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.): machinery and equipment, fuels and minerals, chemicals, foodstuffs. Major trading partners: Italy, Germany, France, Turkey, Russia.
