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Syrian Arab Republic
National name: Al-Jamhouriya al Arabiya As-Souriya
President: Hafez al-Assad (1971)
Prime Minister: Mahmoud al-Zubi (1987)
Area: 71,498 sq. mi. (185,180 sq. km)
Population (1999 est.): 17,213,871 (average annual rate of natural increase: 3.16%); birth rate: 37.0/1000; infant mortality rate: 36.4/1000; density per sq. mi.: 241
Capital (1994 est.): Damascus, 1,549,932
Largest cities: Aleppo, 1,591,400; Homs, 644,204; Latakia, 306,535; Hama, 229,000
Monetary unit: Syrian pound
Languages: Arabic (official), French and English widely understood
Ethnicity/race: Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%
Religions: Islam, 90%; Christian, 10%
Literacy rate: 65%
Economic summary: GDP/PPP (1997 est.): $41.7 billion; $2,500 per capita. Real growth rate: 2%. Inflation: 15%–20% (1997 est.). Unemployment: 12%-15% (1998 est.). Arable land: 28%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk. Labor force: 4.7 million (1998 est.): services, 40%; industry, 20%; agriculture, 40% (1996 est.). Industry: petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining. Natural resources: chrome, manganese, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, phosphate, oil, gypsum. Exports: $4.2 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.) petroleum, textiles, food and live animals, manufactures. Imports: $5.7 billion (c.i.f., 1997): machinery and equipment, foodstuffs/animals, metal and metal products, textiles, chemicals, consumer goods. Major trading partners: Italy, Germany, France, Turkey, Lebanon, Spain, South Korea, Japan, U.S.
